Convento de Cristo. History of Tomar

Tomar, renowned as the epicenter of the Military Orders of the Temple of Christ, boasts a rich history spanning over 30,000 years, from its earliest human settlements to the modern era. Founded in 1160 by D. Gualdim parents, Tomar flourished as the headquarters of the Orders of the Temple and Christ, under the stewardship of Prince Henry, who spearheaded its expansion.

Evidence of ancient human habitation abounds, with remnants dating back to prehistoric times, including dolmens, caves, villages, artifacts, tombstones, coins, sculptures, and everyday tools. During the Roman era, the city of Sellium or Seilium emerged, characterized by its distinct grid layout and landmarks like the Sellium Forum, revealing traces of urban life through excavations. Notably, the Visigothic convent in the vicinity housed both nuns and friars, with legends surrounding the martyrdom of Santa Iria.

Under Arab rule, the region was known as “Tamarama,” meaning fresh water, before the establishment of Thomar in 1160 with its formidable castle erected by the Knights Templar. The 14th century witnessed a significant period of growth, overseen by Prince Henry, who administered the Order of Christ from Tomar, attracting renowned architects and artists, transforming it into a vibrant artistic hub.

During the Philippine era, Spanish monarchs invested in Tomar’s infrastructure, enhancing landmarks such as the main cloister convent and Pegões aqueduct, while initiating the enduring tradition of the Feira de Santa Iria. Subsequent centuries saw Tomar’s industrial boom, with the establishment of factories producing bullets, glassware, hats, textiles, and paper.

In 1844, Tomar was elevated to city status following a visit from Queen Maria II, marking the beginning of further advancements, including the introduction of photography by Silva Magalhaes, the inauguration of cinemas, and the electrification of the city. Notably, João dos Santos Simões revitalized local festivities in the 1950s, garnering national and international acclaim.
The culmination of Tomar’s cultural significance came in 1983, when UNESCO recognized the entire Templar Castle-Convent of Christ as a World Heritage Site, prompting extensive restoration efforts in the historic center. Today, Tomar stands as a testament to its illustrious past, blending ancient heritage with modern vitality.

The Convento de Cristo stands as a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Tomar, Portugal. Originally built as a stronghold for the Knights Templar in the 12th century, it evolved over the centuries into a symbol of religious devotion and architectural prowess.
What began as a fortress designed to protect Portugal’s borders evolved into a place of spiritual significance under the Order of Christ. The addition of chapels, cloisters, and ornate decorations transformed the convent into a sanctuary for religious worship and contemplation.

Each successive ruler left their mark on Convento de Cristo, contributing to its architectural diversity and grandeur. From the medieval knights to the Renaissance kings, each era brought new innovations and additions to the convent’s design.
The story of Convento de Cristo begins in the 12th century when it was commissioned by Gualdim Pais, the Grand Master of the Knights Templar in Portugal. Originally conceived as a fortress to defend the region from Moorish invasions, it later transformed into a monastery under the Order of Christ.
The architecture of Convento de Cristo is a blend of different styles spanning several centuries. From the Romanesque design of its early years to the Gothic and Renaissance elements added over time, each section of the convent tells a story of its own.

The convent’s libraries and archives house a wealth of historical documents, manuscripts, and artifacts, offering valuable insights into Portugal’s past. Scholars and historians flock to Convento de Cristo to study its vast collection and unravel the mysteries of bygone eras.
Intriguing Legends and Stories
Over the centuries, Convento de Cristo has been shrouded in mystery and intrigue, giving rise to countless legends and stories passed down through generations.

One of the most enduring legends associated with Convento de Cristo is its connection to the Knights Templar. Rumored to have hidden treasures within its walls, the convent continues to capture the imagination of treasure hunters and history enthusiasts alike.
From hidden chambers to cryptic symbols etched into its stone walls, Convento de Cristo holds many secrets waiting to be discovered.
Each visit to the convent is an opportunity to uncover new mysteries and delve deeper into its enigmatic past!